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Beyond Functions: Chinese AI Innovators Are Engineering Relationships

Peng Zhang, founder and president of GeekPark, presents a deep, forward-looking interpretation of what it means to build AI-native products and companies in a time when both human and machine intelligence are evolving in tandem. His reflections stem from years of immersion in the startup ecosystem, and from observing how AI’s rapid ascent is changing product, distribution, and organizational logic.

He begins by framing the need for cross-dimensional products as an inevitable consequence of two forces: the intrinsic requirements of AI systems, and the psychological and behavioral needs of users. AI, by nature, operates in a world of screens, symbols, and abstractions. But human value and emotion often reside in the world of physical presence and multisensory feedback. 

To bridge this, some entrepreneurs have turned to hybrid solutions, such as wearables that combine sensory input (e.g., heartbeat, body temperature) with actuated output (e.g., haptic feedback), in order to deliver emotionally supportive experiences. These designs allow AI not just to observe or advise, but to intervene—adding the possibility of richer, more intuitive interactions that feel physically grounded and emotionally resonant.

From the user’s side, cross-dimensionality is equally essential. Products that incorporate both hardware and software—like Fuzzi, a smartphone accessory with emotional feedback capabilities—show that emotional value can be layered on top of functional utility. Tangible products increase presence and memory in the user’s life, reducing the friction of forgotten software apps buried on a screen. The fusion of emotional play and functional design encourages users to return not only because of what the product does, but how it makes them feel. In this context, AI-native products aren’t just tools—they are companions, presence-markers, and trust builders.

These evolving relationships create new opportunities for service distribution. Traditional distribution logic—winner-takes-all platforms, scaled through free services and monetized through ads or commerce—relied on breadth, not depth. But AI-native services are defined by continuity and depth of relationship. Products that solve problems repetitively and improve over time unlock new monetization models, where users are willing to pay for access and usage. This shifts value from platform size to user lifetime value (LTV), and from initial user acquisition to retained engagement. The relationship, if trusted and deepened, becomes a distribution channel itself. As examples, Peng points to Agent-based products that build familiarity and even friendship over time, making pay-as-you-go or usage-based pricing feel natural.

However, to sustain this depth, the relationship must be genuinely constructive. Long-term user engagement cannot be extracted or manipulated; it must be earned. The best AI-native products liberate human nature rather than exploiting its weaknesses. While the tech industry has long been criticized for feeding user addictions or harvesting data in opaque ways, Peng encourages a different aesthetic—one rooted in trust, transparency, and the promotion of human flourishing. Referencing the philosophical counterbalance between the Seven Deadly Sins and the Seven Virtues, he argues that AI products should not merely “understand” human nature to optimize engagement, but also serve as instruments to elevate, support, and gently correct it.

This reorientation has major implications for how product teams build. AI-native products center on human–AI interaction, with the large language model as a probabilistic, somewhat uncontrollable “magic box” at the core. Thus, product value depends not only on the intelligence of the model, but on how it is wrapped: the I/O system, the interface, the behavioral design, and the scaffolding around uncertainty. This is where the concepts of Broad Input and Liquid Outputting emerge.

Broad Input means moving from passive to proactive sensing. AI-native products must incorporate richer context—sensor data, conversation history, user state—so they can know, understand, and anticipate needs. Contextual awareness elevates intelligence from reactive to anticipatory, minimizing user friction and maximizing emotional alignment. The browser product Dia illustrates this: by seeing all the open tabs and synthesizing them automatically, it eliminates cognitive overhead and creates a sense of shared mental space.

Liquid Outputting complements this by replacing static, one-shot outputs with stepwise, co-created journeys. Because model outputs carry uncertainty, the product must guide the user through a collaborative process. Whether it’s Devin prompting for clarification rather than guessing, Deep Research co-designing a research plan with the user, or YouWare’s Vibe Coding starting from remixable templates, each example demonstrates how intentional process design builds trust. AI products must behave like thoughtful partners—sometimes pausing, asking, or adjusting—instead of pretending to be omniscient engines.

At a higher level, AI-native products are becoming human-centered I/O systems. They are not just delivering tools but outcomes—forms of “realization” that represent the next chapter of the personal computing revolution. The skill of building such products involves not only good engineering but also aesthetic judgment and philosophical clarity about the nature of the human-machine relationship.

These product implications naturally lead to shifts in business models and organizational thinking. The traditional model of product economics—grow user base, monetize attention or transactions—no longer applies cleanly. AI-native companies are evolving in three dimensions: not only expanding their user footprint (the horizontal plane), but also increasing the height of their AI capabilities and the depth of their user relationships. This “volume-based” value model rewards companies that invest in deep product scaffolding, meaningful engagement loops, and continuous capability alignment between AI and user needs.

Consequently, traditional startup metrics like ARR or user acquisition may underrepresent long-term potential. Low-frequency or superficial tasks may fail to generate the data needed to improve AI capabilities, while high-frequency, high-value collaboration creates compounding returns. This reframes how teams should think about capital, growth, and even the organizational form itself. In the future, companies may be smaller, more focused, and built around core alignment between user and AI agency. The new scale may not require massive headcounts but precise alignment of vision, modeling, and engineering.

Finally, Peng highlights how management itself must adapt. Management science, shaped in the age of industrial mass production, is now misaligned with the AI-native world where distributed intelligence augments every role. New coordination models, roles, and values will be needed—less about hierarchy, more about creativity, adaptability, and continuous learning. Even concepts like pricing and business structure may change. If AI helps users achieve real outcomes, perhaps new forms of postpaid or performance-based pricing—enabled by smart contracts—could redefine transactions. Perhaps users will not only pay but also earn, creating and consuming value in fluid, non-linear cycles.

Source: 36kr, geek park, qbital

Why September 3 Would Be a Meaningful Date for President Trump’s Visit to China

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On June 24, the State Council Information Office of China held a press conference to announce a series of events commemorating the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Ten commemorative activities are planned, the first of which is a military parade scheduled for the morning of September 3.

This large-scale commemoration, particularly the military parade, reflects both historical and contemporary considerations. The significance of the occasion can be analyzed on two key levels: reaffirmation of historical truth and response to current international instability.

The commemoration serves as a reaffirmation of China’s critical role in World War II. Eighty years ago, the global anti-fascist coalition—comprising countries such as China, the Soviet Union, the United States, and others—defeated fascist regimes, including Nazi Germany, Italian fascism, and Japanese militarism. This global victory laid the foundation for the current international order centered around the United Nations.

However, in recent years, efforts to distort or downplay parts of that history have emerged. In Western discourse, the Soviet Union’s contributions to the European theater have increasingly been minimized. A recent poll in France indicated that younger generations tend to view the U.S. military’s role as surpassing that of the Soviet Red Army. Similar revisionist trends have appeared in Asia, where some elements within Japan continue to evade full responsibility for wartime atrocities, fostering ambiguity and denial regarding historical facts.

China maintains a clear position: the Soviet-German front was the main battlefield in Europe, and the China theater was the principal front in Asia. Despite limited resources, China sustained prolonged and tenacious resistance against Japanese aggression for over a decade. In stark contrast, several well-equipped European nations capitulated shortly after Nazi invasions—Denmark in six hours, the Netherlands in five days, and France in just over a month.

China’s endurance prevented Japan from redirecting its forces to other regions such as Southeast Asia, Australia, or even the Middle East. Former U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in his 1942 State of the Union address, acknowledged China’s vital role, emphasizing the country’s resilience in the face of bombing, starvation, and superior enemy weaponry. In his memoirs, Roosevelt further noted that a Chinese defeat would have enabled Japan to deploy additional divisions to other theaters, potentially altering the outcome of the war.

This long-forgotten reality underscores the importance of the current commemoration. By preserving historical truth, China seeks to counteract growing trends of historical revisionism and to honor the sacrifices of the wartime generation.

Beyond its historical message, the commemoration also addresses current international concerns. Global tensions are escalating due to conflicts such as the Russia–Ukraine war, the Gaza conflict, India–Pakistan hostilities, and the Iran–Israel crisis. Some international observers have even speculated about the possibility of a third world war.

In this context, a military parade serves as a visible signal of China’s commitment to maintaining global peace and regional stability. Demonstrating military readiness is not merely symbolic; it functions as a deterrent to war and aggression by showing that China possesses the capacity and resolve to contribute to peacekeeping efforts.

The geopolitical significance of this year’s commemoration is further underscored by diplomatic developments. On June 22, Russia confirmed that President Vladimir Putin will visit China in late August to attend the military parade. This visit reciprocates President Xi Jinping’s presence at Russia’s May 9 Red Square parade, held to mark the 80th anniversary of the Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War.

An additional dimension to this year’s events is the potential for symbolic trilateral diplomacy. On June 5, the presidents of China and the United States held a 90-minute phone call, during which President Xi reportedly invited former President Donald Trump to visit China again. Given the historical alliance between China and the United States during World War II, this invitation—if aligned with the September 3 parade—would carry powerful historical and diplomatic resonance.

From 1941 to 1945, China and the United States cooperated closely against Japanese militarism. The U.S. provided significant military aid through loans, equipment, and operations such as the Flying Tigers, while the Chinese people warmly received American forces. The parade could serve as a reminder of this shared legacy of resistance and cooperation.

A joint appearance by the heads of state of China, Russia, and the United States at the military parade would send a strong message of unity in the face of modern geopolitical uncertainty. It would demonstrate that peaceful coexistence and diplomatic engagement among major powers remain possible—even during turbulent times.

Such a display would not only reinforce historical memory but could also promote global stability by discouraging unilateralism and militarism. Revisiting this shared history may offer a foundation for renewed cooperation among the world’s most influential nations.

Source: socio gov, xinhua, cctv

Hainan at the Heart: China’s Bold Push for High-Level Openness and Global Integration

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Chi Fulin, President of the China (Hainan) Institute for Reform and Development and of the Hainan Free Trade Port Institute, emphasized Hainan’s strategic role as a central hub linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Positioned at the heart of China’s high-level openness agenda, Hainan’s development as a free trade port embodies both national strategic priorities and a historical responsibility to serve as a gateway to global markets.

As regional economic integration becomes a defining trend, China is intensifying its efforts to advance autonomous and unilateral liberalization, particularly within the framework of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Accelerating the implementation of tariff reduction commitments under RCEP—especially those set for 2030 and beyond—could catalyze trade and investment. Expanding “zero tariff” coverage beyond 95% appears feasible, given favorable conditions and manageable risk. Meanwhile, tariff reductions on intermediate goods from ASEAN are gaining priority, supporting deeper integration of regional supply chains under cumulative rules of origin. This would allow ASEAN enterprises to become more embedded in China’s production networks.

China is also expected to further ease outbound investment restrictions in high-potential sectors such as high-speed rail, power equipment, new energy, auto components, and agricultural processing. Collaborative industrial parks in ASEAN could serve as hubs for producing electric vehicles, photovoltaic equipment, and electromechanical products. Momentum is also building around digital and green supply chains, areas where bilateral cooperation is set to deepen. Trade facilitation is another key priority. The forthcoming China-ASEAN FTA Version 3.0 will likely push forward more robust rules on standards, technical regulations, and conformity assessments, enhancing supply chain connectivity and aligning with RCEP commitments.

Agricultural trade is also in focus. Strengthened coordination on sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures could help reduce non-tariff barriers. China may support ASEAN countries with capacity-building and work toward a common agricultural market. These initiatives reflect China’s broader goal of increasing regional cooperation while relying on unilateral moves to set the pace for integration.

To reinforce its global competitiveness, China must expand unilateral liberalization in key sectors. The visa-free regime should be extended to more countries—especially from the EU, ASEAN, and GCC—and allow entries for medical treatment, short-term education, training, and cultural exchange. Duration of stay should be extended from 30 to 90 days nationally, and to 180 days in Hainan. Multi-point entries and integration with transit visa-free policies should be encouraged to attract foreign talent and facilitate movement.

In education, China should move beyond joint ventures and allow wholly foreign-owned institutions, particularly in vocational training. International students should be offered post-graduation residence periods of 6 to 36 months through OPT-like schemes, with eligibility to bring dependents. A national policy focused on STEM education could attract top global talent in critical technologies through eased application procedures and accelerated institutional collaboration.

Healthcare liberalization should follow the Hainan model by permitting wholly foreign-owned hospitals to operate in major cities and by granting equal treatment to foreign providers. China should support the entry of international medical services and qualified foreign doctors, while encouraging foreign insurer-hospital cooperation to deliver cross-border coverage. Approval processes for drugs and devices must be streamlined.

Telecommunications should be opened beyond current pilot zones, in line with China’s commitments under the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI). Areas such as international communications and satellite services need greater liberalization. In culture, China should simplify procedures for foreign performers and investors, and decentralize decision-making in cultural infrastructure projects.

A proactive global talent strategy is needed. China should establish a simplified work permit system, diversify visa types, fast-track green cards for in-demand professionals, and recognize foreign qualifications unilaterally. In science and technology, foreign enterprises should be allowed to participate more fully by easing application barriers and encouraging collaborative innovation.

In finance, broader use of FT accounts across free trade zones will improve cross-border capital flow. Bilateral local currency settlement, especially in Belt and Road energy and infrastructure projects, should be promoted. China must expand RMB settlement, emulate China-Russia trade practices, boost the role of the CIPS payment system, and develop multi-functional accounts in Hainan to facilitate capital convertibility.

Unilateral trade liberalization can also drive deeper regional integration. With Japan and South Korea, China should reduce tariffs on high-tech goods and deepen service trade in health, tourism, and the environment. For the GCC, zero-tariff policies should be pursued alongside industrial collaboration in energy and logistics. With the EU, applying CAI provisions ahead of ratification would open financial and service sectors and encourage fair competition. In Latin America, China should lower tariffs on agricultural and energy exports and co-develop major infrastructure projects.

Domestically, this liberalization strategy should upgrade existing free trade zones. Shanghai can lead financial innovation; Guangdong can integrate service trade with Hong Kong and Macao; Liaoning and Heilongjiang can facilitate Northeast Asian imports; and Hubei can focus on tech-driven openness. Border provinces like Xinjiang, Guangxi, and Yunnan should become reform frontiers through alignment with RCEP and ASEAN initiatives. Land ports such as Suifenhe and Mohan should be empowered with more autonomous customs and trade facilitation policies.

At the core of this strategy lies the Hainan Free Trade Port, envisioned as China’s flagship platform for high-level opening. It must accelerate the implementation of dual customs supervision and roll out a zero-tariff policy covering over 99% of goods. Drawing lessons from global benchmarks like Hong Kong and Singapore, Hainan aims to become a globally integrated, high-standard economic zone marked by institutional autonomy and forward-looking policy frameworks.

Source: CIRD, China Reform, CGTN, Global Times, Tropical Hainan

The Silent Watchers: Israel’s Satellite Role in the Iran Operation

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On June 13, 2025, Israel launched a major military operation against Iran, codenamed Operation Rising Lion. Israeli Air Force (IAF) fighter jets deployed precision-guided munitions such as JDAM-ER and Small Diameter Bombs (SDB) to strike a wide range of strategic targets. These included command posts, long-range radar installations, air defense sites, components of the Natanz nuclear facility, ballistic missile launchers, air bases, and entrances to underground bunkers. Among the most controversial actions was the targeting of residences belonging to senior Iranian officials in Tehran. Israel claimed to have neutralized several high-profile individuals, including the Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, though this remains unconfirmed.

In parallel with the airstrikes, Israeli agents reportedly carried out covert ground operations reminiscent of Ukraine’s Operation Spider Web, using civilian vehicles converted into first-person-view (FPV) drone launchers to deploy spike missiles from within Iranian territory. These unconventional raids targeted mobile ground assets and contributed to the broader disruption of Iran’s western military infrastructure. Unconfirmed reports suggest that a small number of Iran’s F-14A fighter aircraft may also have been destroyed in the strikes.

While much has already been written about the military operation itself, this article focuses on Israel’s space-based reconnaissance capabilities, which played a critical role in enabling such a precise and extensive strike. Israel’s pursuit of independent satellite-based intelligence gathering began decades ago, driven by its experiences during the Fourth and Fifth Middle East Wars in 1973 and 1982. During those conflicts, the United States provided satellite imagery via the KH-9 Hexagon and KH-11 Kennen systems, but the data was neither timely nor fully aligned with Israel’s operational needs. The 1979 Camp David Accords also curtailed Israel’s ability to conduct manned aerial reconnaissance over Egypt, further underlining the need for indigenous space-based intelligence.

Following the Fifth Middle East War, Israel launched a concerted effort to develop its own space reconnaissance capabilities. The initiative leveraged existing expertise from its missile and aviation industries and led to the formation of the Israeli Space Agency (ISA) in 1983 under the Ministry of Science and Research and Development. This formalized Israel’s ambitions and laid the foundation for a domestic space industry.

Earlier attempts to acquire longer-range ballistic missile capabilities had failed. In 1973, Israel sought to purchase the U.S. Pershing II missile to replace its limited-range Jericho-1 system, but was denied on geopolitical grounds. Consequently, Israel launched the Jericho-2 program in 1977 to develop its own medium-range ballistic missile. This program involved early cooperation with South Africa and pre-revolutionary Iran, though these partnerships were short-lived. Estimates suggest that the Jericho-2 missile has a range of up to 5,300 kilometers, though exact specifications remain classified.

The Jericho-2 program laid the groundwork for Israel’s Shavit family of space launch vehicles. These include the original Shavit, the Shavit-1 with an enlarged first stage, and the Shavit-2 with further enhancements to the second stage. The Shavit series relies on solid-fuel ATSM-9 motors, though there were plans—ultimately abandoned—to use the more powerful U.S.-built Castor-120 motors and a hydrazine-fueled fourth stage to create a Shavit-3 variant.

Despite ongoing improvements, the Shavit-2 remains a relatively small and limited launch vehicle. With a diameter of 1.35 meters, a maximum liftoff weight of under 30 tons, and a fairing space of just 1.25 meters, it can only place payloads of around 500 kilograms into elliptical orbits with a 600-kilometer apogee. Israel’s unique geographic and strategic considerations further complicate satellite launches. To avoid having rocket debris fall over hostile territory, Israel launches westward into retrograde orbits over the Mediterranean Sea. This requires overcoming Earth’s rotational speed and restricts the satellite to high-inclination orbits, significantly reducing the effective payload capacity of the Shavit launch system, with practical limits as low as 300–400 kilograms.

Despite these constraints, Israel has managed to develop high-performance space reconnaissance satellites optimized for weight, size, and capability. The country’s industrial base now supports a vertically integrated space production ecosystem, including platforms, sensors, propulsion systems, and communication modules. These capabilities are embodied in the Ofeq-11 and Ofeq-16 satellites, Israel’s third-generation electro-optical reconnaissance systems. Ofeq-11 was launched in 2016 and re-entered the atmosphere in 2024, while Ofeq-16, launched in 2020, remains operational.

Both satellites use Israel Aerospace Industries’ OPTSAT-3000 platform and are equipped with the Jupiter camera developed by Elbit Systems. Operating in the visible-near-infrared (VNIR) band between 450–900 nm, Jupiter features a 700 mm aperture and a 22.3 focal ratio. It employs a fixed focal-length, coaxial optical design and uses a 30,000-pixel time-delay integration CCD sensor. From a 600-kilometer apogee, it achieves a resolution of 0.5 meters with a 15-kilometer swath; at perigee, it achieves 0.27–0.3 meters resolution with an 8.5-kilometer swath.

These satellites can image dozens of targets per orbit, enabled by the agility of the OPTSAT-3000 platform and supported by onboard storage of up to 0.5 terabytes. Improved data transmission systems further increase operational efficiency. According to Elbit Systems, the Jupiter camera is considered a Very High Resolution (VHR) sensor, capable of identifying vehicles, small structures, and strike impact areas with clarity. It also supports the integration of a multispectral sensor sharing the same optical path, offering seven spectral bands and 2-meter resolution, adding panchromatic and multispectral imaging capabilities for mission versatility.

Beyond electro-optical satellites, Israel has developed and deployed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites. The TecSAR program, developed in collaboration with Elta Systems and partially supported by the U.S. and India, uses the ELM-2070 radar payload. The TecSAR-1, also known as Ofeq-8, was launched in 2008 aboard an Indian PSLV—the only Ofeq-series satellite launched by a foreign vehicle. Its radar uses a 3-meter lightweight mesh antenna with eight horn feeds and supports modes such as push-broom, gaze, wide-area scan, and electronically stitched imaging. With 256 gigabytes of onboard memory, it can respond rapidly to tasking and download over 3,000 images per month.

Ofeq-10, launched in 2014, built on the Ofeq-8 design with an improved radar payload, possibly featuring a 5-meter antenna and 240 gigabytes of data storage. The most advanced SAR satellite to date, Ofeq-13, likely retains the 5-meter antenna while increasing payload mass by 50 percent and total satellite mass by 27 percent to 380 kilograms. It offers 0.5-meter resolution in spot mode, extended imaging modes including multipolarization and refocused imaging, and advanced applications such as InSAR for geodetic deformation tracking and moving target indication. A follow-on satellite is reportedly in development.

Israel’s capabilities also extend to the commercial sector through ImageSat International, which operates the EROS series of satellites. These are based on earlier Ofeq designs and demonstrate Israel’s ability to leverage military technology in civilian markets. EROS-A and EROS-B derive from the Ofeq-3 platform, while the more recent EROS-C offers enhanced imaging capabilities.

Israel’s satellite reconnaissance infrastructure, despite its physical limitations, remains among the most sophisticated and adaptable in the world. Through careful engineering, modular design, and strategic international partnerships, it has succeeded in developing compact yet highly capable platforms that provide critical intelligence for national security and precision military operations.

Source: the probe, gov il, al shabaka

Trump Lays Off About 200 ‘Government AI Experts’ Recruited Under Biden, Part of Musk’s DOGE Program

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On April 28, 2025, President Donald Trump dismissed the majority of approximately 250 AI experts hired under the previous Biden administration, as reported by Time magazine. Angelica Quirarte, who led the recruitment effort during Biden’s tenure, emphasized that these specialists were strategically onboarded within a year to enhance government administrative efficiency. Quirarte estimates that only about 10% of this cohort will be retained following the layoffs.

Despite advocating for U.S. leadership in AI, Trump’s approach reveals a paradox: while launching high-profile initiatives like the Stargate program alongside industry leaders Masayoshi Son and Sam Altman, and issuing executive orders to bolster AI dominance, his administration simultaneously reduces the federal AI workforce. In early 2025, Russell Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget, circulated a directive urging agencies to prioritize hiring candidates with proven expertise in designing and scaling AI systems in impactful environments. Furthermore, Trump signed an executive order promoting AI integration in education nationwide.

This dual stance—promoting AI advancement while cutting government AI talent—has disrupted continuity. The National AI Talent Surge Program had successfully transitioned 250 AI professionals from the private sector into government roles within the last 18 months of Biden’s administration. Many were embedded across departments, only to be swiftly laid off under Trump’s administration.

Former officials critique these actions as a significant waste of resources, noting that the administration now seeks to recruit the very talent it previously dismissed. Failure to attract qualified experts may compel reliance on costly external contractors.

These layoffs align with broader workforce reductions driven by Elon Musk’s leadership of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), which has also dissolved key technology offices such as the U.S. Digital Service and the 18F technology office—known for pioneering digital solutions like the IRS’s Direct File system.

Federal agencies continue to face stiff competition from the private sector in attracting AI talent, where compensation is typically more lucrative. Julie Siegel, a senior official from the Biden-era Office of Management and Budget, underscores the difficulty of recruiting skilled AI professionals to government service.

Deirdre Mulligan, former director of the Office of the National AI Initiative, warns that the Trump administration’s policies exacerbate talent scarcity and undermine morale. She emphasizes the importance of workforce stability and respect for expertise to retain skilled professionals, cautioning that job insecurity may deter qualified individuals from public service altogether.

Angelica Quirarte, appointed in early 2024 to lead AI recruitment under the Biden administration, brings extensive senior experience in California state government across multiple administrations. She has long advocated for public service careers among tech professionals, highlighting programmers and engineers as natural problem-solvers well-suited to leveraging large datasets to improve public services. To support Biden’s AI talent acquisition, Quirarte founded and directed Tech to Gov, a nonprofit national tech recruitment initiative. She warned that the Trump administration’s abrupt layoffs would severely hinder efforts to attract skilled tech workers.

Initially, Quirarte intended to remain under Trump’s administration to continue recruiting AI talent. However, after 23 days, she resigned, citing a hostile work environment lacking goodwill, good governance, and constructive intentions. Quirarte emphasized that healthy democratic transitions require respect and nonpartisan collaboration.

Despite the U.S. government’s strategic aim to maintain technological leadership, it struggles to compete with the private sector on salary, making recruitment of AI experts challenging. The Biden administration invested significant resources to address this, including a $100 million training initiative announced in July 2024 by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.

In April 2024, Robin Carnahan, then director of the General Services Administration, highlighted government opportunities at a virtual job fair, emphasizing the meaningful impact of public service through AI innovation in automation, security, and legacy system integration.

Multiple federal programs supported AI recruitment during Biden’s term, including the Presidential Innovation Fellows within the General Services Administration and the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) AI Corps—a key civilian agency initiative designed to enhance service efficiency while safeguarding civil liberties.

By July 2024, these efforts had yielded tangible results: approximately 200 AI experts were hired government-wide, approaching the target of 500 by the next fiscal year.

The DHS AI Corps notably partnered with the Supply Chain Resilience Center to leverage AI for predicting critical supply chain disruptions impacting public safety. It also explored generative AI applications in combating human trafficking and child exploitation.

AI technologies proved instrumental in key DHS missions. For instance, Operation Restore Hope used machine learning to identify over 300 previously unknown victims of cyber child sexual abuse and their perpetrators by enhancing degraded images, providing new investigative leads.

Similarly, FEMA applies AI-driven image analysis to rapidly assess disaster damage, accelerating assistance delivery to affected communities.

Since Trump assumed office, federal agency layoffs and budget cuts have significantly undermined government departments, including those critical to AI initiatives. For instance, open government data platforms relied upon by U.S. colleges and businesses have suffered from lack of updates due to workforce reductions. This exemplifies the Trump administration’s contradictory stance of simultaneously “supporting AI development” while “laying off experts.”

This paradox reflects a complex interplay of governing philosophy, policy logic, and practical interests. Under Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), which champions technology-driven disruption of traditional bureaucracy, Trump’s rhetoric of “breaking political correctness” aligns with aggressive layoffs and deregulation. However, this alliance neglects the government’s essential role in safeguarding public interests and executing long-term strategic planning.

Fundamentally, Trump’s AI policy embodies an “efficiency-first” ideology coupled with a “private sector-led” approach. This ambivalence is rooted in a skewed view of government: aiming to preserve national technological hegemony without embracing corresponding public responsibility. While such a strategy may invigorate market competition in the short term, it risks eroding government capacity, destabilizing research ecosystems, and accumulating social vulnerabilities over time.

For individuals like Quirarte—who sought meaningful public service—this environment dampens morale and enthusiasm. Likewise, displaced experts and AI talents, finding limited accommodation within the administration, are compelled to seek opportunities elsewhere, further draining federal expertise.

Source: Time Magazine, Reuters, AP News

Volkswagen China CTO: We’re working at the speed of China

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The intelligent transformation of joint venture automobile enterprises has emerged as a central theme at this year’s Shanghai International Automobile Exhibition, particularly among German automakers, whose market share in China often exceeds 30%. As the pace of technological innovation accelerates in China, these companies are being compelled to evolve beyond traditional joint venture models.

Volkswagen Group stands out as one of the most proactive multinational players in this shift. During the auto show, Thomas Ulbrich (Wu Borui), CTO of Volkswagen China, and Han Sanchu, CEO of CARIAD China, Volkswagen’s software subsidiary, provided detailed insights on Volkswagen’s evolving intelligent strategy in China, the division of roles between the company and its local partners, and the group’s long-term localization objectives.

Ulbrich openly acknowledged that the Volkswagen Group’s traditional joint venture structure—centered on cooperation between its German headquarters and its two Chinese ventures, FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen, has become increasingly misaligned with the demands of China’s fast-moving automotive sector as the previous collaboration model between Germany and the two joint ventures is no longer compatible with the realities of the Chinese market, said Ulbrich.

In response, Volkswagen has established an independent technology company, Volkswagen China Technology Company (VCTC), located in Anhui province—effectively shifting a portion of its headquarters 7,000 kilometers eastward. This strategic move grants VCTC full technical authority and autonomy, responsibilities that were previously centralized in Wolfsburg, Germany.

According to Ulbrich, VCTC now serves as the sole technical interface for joint ventures such as FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen. Functioning as an independent R&D entity, VCTC possesses both decision-making authority and technical validation capabilities. Positioned within the same time zone as its key partners and operating fully in Chinese, VCTC is designed to move at “China speed” and respond directly to local market demands.

This localization initiative is part of Volkswagen’s broader strategy of “In China, for China.” Amid rising geopolitical tensions and increased global trade uncertainties—particularly under the protectionist policies of the current U.S. administration—this strategy aims to safeguard Volkswagen’s position in China’s market and ensure long-term business sustainability.

Beyond establishing VCTC, Volkswagen has deepened its commitment to local innovation through strategic, capital-bound partnerships. These include collaborations with Xpeng Motors and autonomous driving solution provider Horizon Robotics.

In 2022, Volkswagen invested €2.4 billion in Horizon and formed a joint venture CARIZON, focused on intelligent assisted driving. In 2023, it invested $700 million in Xpeng, with plans to integrate their jointly developed China Electronic Architecture (CEA) platform across Volkswagen’s electric vehicle lineup in China, including two co-developed models expected to launch in 2026.

These partnerships are already bearing fruit. Volkswagen’s ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) platform with Horizon is gradually being implemented, leveraging China’s dynamic ecosystem of autonomous driving technology providers—such as Huawei, Momenta, DJI Automotive, DEEPROUTE.AI, and QCraft. Open collaboration with these companies has become a standard strategy across the industry, even among competitors like SAIC, BYD, and SAIC Volkswagen.

The Volkswagen-Horizon partnership has attracted particular attention due to its co-development model, which departs from the traditional supplier-client relationship. Han Sanchu describes Horizon not merely as a vendor, but as an ADAS One Team competence center. While Horizon focuses on deep algorithmic and architectural development, Volkswagen engineers manage rapid integration and system interfaces. This transparent, collaborative model overcomes the limitations typical of traditional Tier 1 and Tier 2 supplier arrangements.

Furthermore, the integration of Horizon’s technology is tightly aligned with the CEA platform, enabling Volkswagen to rapidly deploy L2+ and L2++ ADAS capabilities, with an eye toward achieving L3 autonomy by 2027. The high compatibility between Horizon’s software stack and Volkswagen’s CEA framework underscores the efficiency and long-term strategic alignment of the collaboration.

However, despite Volkswagen’s resolute push toward intelligent transformation in China, its various brands are progressing at different speeds. Notably, the CEA architecture and related ADAS technologies are not currently shared with the premium brand Porsche.

Ulbrich explained that Porsche models, which are designed and manufactured in accordance with European standards, do not currently support integration with the CEA platform. Given their import-based structure and differing engineering foundations, adapting these models to the CEA system is not feasible in the short term. Future integration, he noted, would depend on broader strategic alignment within the Volkswagen Group, as well as evolving technological and product development timelines.

With SAIC-Volkswagen and other joint ventures already established in intelligent systems and electrification, what is the current and future relationship between VCTC and the two joint ventures (FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen)? How will technology roles and responsibilities be divided going forward?

Reflecting on past practices, the previous cooperation model limited to direct collaboration between the German headquarters and the two joint ventures proved increasingly inadequate to meet the dynamic and specific demands of the Chinese market.

In response, with the establishment of VCTC, all technical authority and responsibilities previously centralized in Wolfsburg have been transferred to China. Moving forward, the joint ventures will interface exclusively with VCTC for technical cooperation, making VCTC their sole technical collaboration partner.

In essence, VCTC functions as an independent R&D entity separate from the Wolfsburg headquarters, empowered with full technical decision-making and validation capabilities.

Strategically located within the same time zone as the Chinese teams, VCTC aligns closely with local work rhythms and operates at what we call “China speed.” Moreover, VCTC adopts a fully localized approach—from mindset and communication style to working language—enabling more effective service to the Chinese market.

Importantly, VCTC holds a critical responsibility: ensuring that every Volkswagen Group model continues to embody the core reliability and safety standards that define the Volkswagen brand. Through this collaborative model, VCTC effectively integrates the “Volkswagen DNA” with technical solutions tailored for China, striking a balance between preserving tradition and driving innovation. This synthesis represents the fundamental role of VCTC within Volkswagen’s business ecosystem in China.

As a senior executive of Volkswagen Group, how do you assess the impact of rising global tariff barriers on the automotive industry? Do you foresee the industry moving away from global cooperation toward more regionalized production models?

The Volkswagen Group consistently upholds a core philosophy advocating for a consensus-driven, stable, and open trade system that encourages free dialogue and fosters the healthy growth of global trade.

From this standpoint, our “In China, For China” strategy is highly forward-looking. It functions as a protective umbrella, shielding our operations in the Chinese market from the uncertainties arising from current trade disputes, thereby ensuring the stability and sustainability of our business activities.

CARIAD and Horizon have established the joint venture CARIZON. Could you describe the current level of involvement from the Volkswagen Group and CARIAD? Regarding the ADAS program, how quickly can issues be identified and resolved when they arise?

First, the Volkswagen Group has long identified ADAS as a core strategic technology, particularly in the Chinese market where penetration rates are exceptionally high. This demand is driven not only by market factors but also by the need for continuous technological innovation. To accelerate capability development and address the complexities inherent in Volkswagen’s traditional processes, we established a joint venture with Horizon—a crucial step in advancing our ADAS capabilities in China.

Second, we have achieved a strong internal consensus on our collaborative approach. The relationship between Volkswagen and Horizon transcends the traditional supplier-client model; Horizon is not merely a vendor but an integral part of an ADAS One Team competence center we have jointly built. Horizon’s core engineers focus on deep software development, architectural design, and algorithms, while Volkswagen engineers lead rapid integration of peripheral architectures and interfaces. This co-development model effectively overcomes the “black box” limitations often seen in conventional Tier 1 and Tier 2 collaborations, enabling more efficient and transparent development.

Third, the ADAS development process is deeply integrated with Volkswagen China’s CEA (China Electrical Architecture) platform. This tight integration enables us to rapidly deploy L2+ and L2++ advanced driver assistance functions, laying the foundation to achieve L3 autonomy by the end of 2027. The development roadmap is fully aligned with the CEA architecture.

Together, these strategic efforts and collaborative innovations allow us to deliver safe, reliable, and rapidly evolving ADAS solutions tailored to the needs of Chinese consumers.

Will Porsche leverage CARIAD China’s R&D advancements for its future intelligent vehicle designs? Additionally, can we expect further optimization of its intelligent driving functions?

The current CEA architecture is an electrical and electronic platform specifically tailored for the Chinese market. In contrast, Porsche models—imported from Europe—are designed and manufactured according to European architectural standards. Consequently, technical integration of the CEA platform with Porsche vehicles cannot be achieved in the short term. Any decision to adopt the CEA system for Porsche will require careful consideration of the Group’s overarching strategy, technological advancements, and product development timelines.

What explains China’s reluctance to initiate military action in modern history?

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The Chinese nation has historically been characterized by a profound commitment to peace. Across both interpersonal and international relations, many Chinese adhere to the principle: “If others do not offend me, I will not offend them.” This tenet, rooted in traditional virtues, reflects a noble and gentlemanly ethos.

However, as China was thrust into the modern international system—governed by power politics and strategic rivalry—this principle became increasingly untenable, despite its more assertive caveat: “If others attack me, I will attack them.” In the contemporary geopolitical landscape, states frequently engage in strategic competition, often employing deterrence and intimidation as central tactics. An explicit policy of “not firing the first shot” can be interpreted by adversaries as passivity, effectively inviting unchecked provocations so long as they avoid initiating hostilities. While the establishment of clear red lines may prevent miscalculations, it also exposes strategic vulnerabilities that opponents can exploit.

A stark historical example of this dynamic occurred during the Sino-French War (1883-1885). Following France’s invasion of Vietnam—a Qing tributary—the French fleet entered Mawei Port near Fuzhou in July 1884. Despite the absence of a formal declaration of war, and under the terms of unequal treaties granting French access to Chinese treaty ports, the Qing naval forces refrained from engaging the intruding fleet. This resulted in the anomalous situation where opposing fleets coexisted in the same harbor, even as tensions mounted. The French exploited this restraint, conducting hydrographic surveys and intelligence gathering with impunity, before launching a surprise attack on August 22 that annihilated the Imperial Chinese Navy within half an hour.

While the Qing fleet was inferior technologically—wooden steam-powered vessels compared to France’s more modern warships—the magnitude of the defeat was unusual. The root cause lay in Qing strategic restraint, driven by orders to avoid provoking conflict. Any premature Qing offensive, even if victorious, would have been politically condemned as an act of aggression, ceding the moral and diplomatic high ground to France.

This is not to cast simplistic judgments of weakness or incompetence upon the Qing government, nor to invoke outdated accusations of subservience to imperial powers. Rather, the Qing leadership’s caution reflected a complex calculus shaped by multiple factors. France, despite recent setbacks in the Franco-Prussian War, remained a formidable power; the nascent Self-Strengthening Movement was only beginning to bear fruit and could not afford disruption; the Qing faced simultaneous tensions with Russia and Japan; and, critically, intense internal political rivalries rendered the court highly unstable and risk-averse.

Similar patterns of restrained military engagement recurred throughout modern Chinese history. During the outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, the Beiyang Fleet was ordered explicitly not to fire the first shot, even as Japanese forces initiated hostilities. This pattern of restraint extended to incidents preceding the September 18 and July 7 provocations, with Chinese forces repeatedly demonstrating forbearance despite mounting provocations.

Such repeated “not firing the first shot” policies invite critical reflection. Conventional wisdom—even among children—recognizes that the weaker party benefits from seizing the initiative to gain advantage. Yet modern China, often the weaker adversary, persistently avoided offensive action. This reticence stemmed not simply from national character or moral superiority but from the geopolitical and domestic realities of the time.

China’s historical predicament was one of being perpetually surrounded and attacked, facing multiple simultaneous threats rather than isolated adversaries. During the Sino-French War, tensions with Russia, Japan, and Western powers converged, constraining any government’s willingness to gamble on open conflict. Conversely, Japan’s ability to “strike first” reflected a distinct strategic environment: fewer external threats, more clearly defined enemies, and greater internal cohesion, enabling decisive “one-on-one” engagements such as the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War.

Furthermore, internal political instability critically shaped China’s strategic posture. The Qing dynasty’s minority Manchu rulers distrusted the Han majority, prioritizing regime security over national defense. Cixi’s infamous dictum that it’s better to concede to foreign powers than to domestic rebels exemplified this prioritization. Subsequent governments, from the fragmented warlord era to the Nationalist regime, similarly lacked the unified authority and internal stability necessary to confidently confront foreign threats.

Lastly, the desire to preserve China’s nascent modernization efforts—railroads, telegraphs, steamships—tempered enthusiasm for military conflict. Wars, especially against technologically superior foes like Japan, repeatedly disrupted China’s developmental trajectory, undermining progress achieved during the Self-Strengthening Movement and the “Golden Decade” of the Republic.

In sum, China’s historical reluctance to “fire the first shot” in the face of foreign aggression must be understood as a product of complex strategic considerations: a precarious external environment marked by multiple threats, internal political fragility, and a determined pursuit of modernization. These factors collectively shaped a cautious defense posture—one that, while sometimes costly, reflected pragmatic calculations rather than mere passivity or weakness.

Source: 12371, CGTN, People’s Daily

Portraits of China’s Provinces II

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As the Chinese saying goes, “The land shapes the people.” From north to south, east to west, each province holds its own temperament, its own heartbeat, its own way of meeting the world.

Xinjiang — Vast Generosity
Across its deserts and orchards, Xinjiang welcomes the world. Locals are as expansive as the land — open-handed, straightforward, and ready to make strangers feel like kin.

Yunnan — Living Harmony
Here, the air is gentle and the people gentler still. Among mountains and clouds, dozens of ethnic groups live in rare unity, their cultures braided together in peace.

Anhui — Tempered Quiet
Anhui people balance strength and softness, like rivers running between mountains. They are approachable, modest, and quietly capable, with a depth that reveals itself in time.

Fujian — Restless Courage
Reserved at home yet fearless abroad, Fujianese travel far with sharp instincts and iron resilience. They take risks, adapt quickly, and return stronger.

Gansu — Straight Path
From the sands of Dunhuang to the bend of the Yellow River, Gansu breeds directness. Its people speak plainly, act decisively, and value truth above flourish.

Guangdong — Tireless Current
Seaward-looking and quick to seize change, Guangdong moves with the tide yet charts its own course. Here, energy turns into innovation, and tradition coexists with restless ambition.

Guangxi — Tranquil Strength
In Guangxi’s karst hills and quiet rivers, people live with composure. They are calm without passivity, steady without stiffness, and kind without naivety.

Guizhou — Patient Resolve
Amid rugged peaks and shifting skies, Guizhou’s people work with quiet determination. They push forward without hurry, knowing that steady steps still cross mountains.

Hebei — Honest Ground
Plainspoken and dependable, Hebei’s people stand rooted. They work without complaint, live without pretense, and carry an integrity that asks for no applause.

Henan — Unvarnished Warmth
Shaped by centuries of farming, Henan moves at a human pace. Its people are genuine, straightforward, and bound by a strong sense of community.

Heilongjiang — Open Valor
On the cold frontier, warmth comes from the heart. Heilongjiang’s people speak their minds, defend what’s right, and face hardship with unshaken resolve.

Hubei — Earnest Ambition
Sharp-minded and sociable, Hubei people value loyalty as much as wit. They set high goals and pursue them with patient determination, revealing their true generosity to those within their circle.

Hunan — Fierce Will
Bold, proud, and unstoppable, Hunan produces leaders and fighters alike. Its people meet life head-on, refusing to bend to obstacles or compromise their drive.

Hong Kong — Polished Edge
A city where skyscrapers rise beside temples, Hong Kong thrives on agility. Its culture blends East and West, tradition and reinvention, with an instinct for survival and success.

Macau — Cultural Finesse
From Portuguese façades to Chinese festivals, Macau is a meeting place of the world. Its people preserve old customs while embracing a cosmopolitan charm.

Taiwan — Layered Spirit
With roots in many lands, Taiwan is both guardian of tradition and innovator of culture. Its people move easily between past and present, weaving a vibrant tapestry of influences.

Shanxi — Quiet Depth
Blessed with fertile plains and rich heritage, Shanxi raises people who may seem reserved but hold sharp minds and adaptable spirits. Beneath the surface lies a steady, enduring strength.

Source: CGTN, People’s Daily

Pengshui Builds China’s Sweet Potato Noodles Capital Through Agricultural Innovation

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In the heart of Pengshui, the world’s Miao township thrives—rich in culture, tradition, and resilience. Long before sweet potatoes became the region’s signature crop, the Miao people had already honed the art of survival through ingenuity. They foraged fern roots, painstakingly grinding them into storable starch. 

Over two centuries ago, as sweet potatoes—adaptable and high-yield—found fertile ground along the Wujiang River, Pengshui embraced them wholeheartedly. The locals didn’t just grow them; they reimagined them. Through delicate processing, the humble tuber became a crystal-clear, silky delicacy. Thus emerged Peng Crystal Sweet Potato Noodles, affectionately called the mountain treasure—a culinary gem cherished in China and exported abroad.

From the rugged Wuling Mountains to the nourishing banks of the Wujiang River, Pengshui’s sweet potato industry is more than just agriculture—it’s a confluence of heritage and innovation. Rooted in tradition and growing through modern strategy, the region has embraced an ecological triad of development: sweet potatoes, traditional Chinese medicine, and animal husbandry. Anchored by this model, Pengshui has built a robust industry chain, aiming not just for quantity, but for full-cycle, value-added excellence.

The goal is to transform the sweet potato from a rural staple into a national economic powerhouse. And that vision is no longer just a blueprint—it is unfolding in real time, with the industry’s output value set to cross the € 1.2 billion mark.

Blessed with Pengshui’s exceptional climate—mild year-round, frost-free for 311 days, and abundant in rainfall—this mountainous region produces sweet potatoes that are as nutritious as they are versatile. Rich in fiber, carotene, vitamins, and minerals, Pengshui’s sweet potatoes are naturally suited to create high-starch derivatives like the prized crystal silk starch.

But good weather alone isn’t enough. Recognizing that seed quality underpins the entire value chain, Pengshui launched a science-backed strategy known as the “Five Goods”—good land, good seed, good technology, good equipment, and good systems. In collaboration with top institutions such as the Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Southwest University, Pengshui established innovation hubs including a sweet potato R&D center and dual expert stations. This comprehensive support ecosystem has fueled advances in high-yield sweet potato varieties like Pengsu No. 2 and Pengsu No. 6.

Innovative planting methods such as crop rotation and intercropping were promoted. The result? A single plant can yield up to 1 kilogram, and average yields now exceed 3,300 kg per mu, increasing fresh potato output by over 17%. These advances not only ensure food security but also signal the rise of new quality productivity in agriculture—driven by research, precision, and community-wide involvement.

Step inside the processing workshop of Liyuan Agricultural Development in Shilong Village, and one will witness a modern ballet of machines—crushers, washers, separators—transforming fresh sweet potatoes into fine, silk-like starch. The final product, Peng Crystal Sweet Potato Noodles, emerges in neat boxes, ready to hit domestic and international markets.

Industrial parks now specialize in logistics, modern processing, and innovation zones. Investments have surged, with sweet potato-related projects doubling in just one quarter.

Beyond factories, the “sweet potato +” model extends into tourism, cuisine, culture, and health. Visitors can now explore sweet potato food streets, heritage workshops, and sightseeing farms—where a humble root connects the past, present, and future of Pengshui.

In the branding arena, Pengshui has built a name as vibrant as its products. The logo of a horn-crowned figure in a leaf-skirt debuted at the Chongqing Hotpot Festival and earned accolades such as “Top Ten Explosive Ingredients.” The Peng Crystal brand now ranks among China’s top 30 emerging agricultural brands and has launched globally via platforms like the Guangzhou Nansha Cruise Port.

Pengshui continues to expand its market footprint. Trademark recognitions, green food certifications, and national geographic indications have positioned Pengshui as a brand-savvy rural powerhouse. On the farmland of Zhonggu Village in Yushan Town, the sweet potato seedling transplanting season is in full swing. Fields bustle with activity as villagers move swiftly from nurseries to furrows. For many here, sweet potatoes are not just crops—they’re pathways to a better life.

To boost participation, Pengshui rolled out performance-based subsidies—up to €18 per mu for high-yield harvests, additional grants for large-scale planters, and price-floor guarantees. Farmers cultivating 600–700 mu can expect solid returns, while processing plants built within villages reduce logistics burdens and create local jobs.

Today, Zhonggu Village plants 5,000 of its 6,000 mu with sweet potatoes, a testament to how rural revitalization can be grounded in smart, inclusive agricultural planning.

Pengshui’s story is not merely about a crop—it’s about transformation. It is about how a root vegetable, nurtured by centuries of cultural wisdom and propelled by modern innovation, became the engine of an ecosystem. From heritage to harvest, from science to storytelling, Pengshui has proven that even the humblest tuber can move mountains.

Source: Xinhua, Sohu

Portraits of China’s Provinces I

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As the Chinese saying goes, “The land shapes the people.” From north to south, east to west, each province holds its own temperament, its own heartbeat, its own way of meeting the world.

Beijing — Regal Composure
Beneath the shadow of ancient palace walls, Beijingers carry themselves with a quiet assurance. They speak with measured optimism, their words courteous yet never without discernment. In their manner lies a blend of tolerance and frankness, of cultivated knowledge and effortless confidence — the mark of those who have long lived at the heart of the nation.

Tianjin — Playful Grace
By the Bohai Sea, Tianjin hums with a rhythm that is half art, half laughter. The city wears both Western romance and local wit like a tailored suit, stitched together with the tempo of crosstalk and quick recitation. Its people are warm and welcoming, their humor laced with gentle satire — never cruel, always genuine.

Shanghai — Sleek Ingenuity
Along the banks of the Huangpu, Shanghai sharpens its edge. Here, shrewdness is an instinct and adaptability is a craft. Locals guard what’s theirs with quiet precision, yet live without pretense. They admire excellence, stand apart from the ordinary, and only place full trust in what has proven its worth.

Chongqing — Fierce Resolve
Rising from mountain ridges and wrapped in river mist, Chongqing burns with a heat that mirrors its famed hot pot. Its people act swiftly, speak directly, and defend their dignity without hesitation. Their will is as unyielding as the cliffs that frame their city.

Hainan — Gentle Breeze
Surrounded by turquoise waters, Hainan moves to the rhythm of waves. Life here is unhurried; the people, warm as the sun, meet others with easy smiles. Those who venture beyond the island bring with them a distinctive elegance — a touch of salt air in every gesture.

Zhejiang — Spirited Enterprise
Between silk markets and coastal harbors, Zhejiang thrives on restless creativity. Its people are keen-eyed for opportunity, practical in method yet daring in ambition. Even beyond commerce, they follow their own course, savoring the journey as much as the reward.

Jilin — Expansive Heart
From the White Mountains to the Black Waters, Jilin opens wide to the horizon. Its people carry a clarity of purpose and a generosity of spirit. In their company, one senses both the strength to stand firm and the grace to yield when wisdom calls for it.

Jiangsu — Refined Ease
Rich in rivers and rice fields, Jiangsu cultivates more than crops — it cultivates character. Here, elegance is not affectation but habit; ambition is tempered by tact. Locals move through life with quiet assurance, drawing on many traditions while remaining open to new paths.

Jiangxi — Steadfast Modesty
The red earth of revolution and the quiet hills of tradition have shaped Jiangxi into a land of calm strength. Its people do not seek the spotlight; they value harmony, carry themselves with humility, and keep to principles as constant as the mountains.

Liaoning — Bold Vitality
In Shenyang’s bustling streets and Dalian’s sea breeze, Liaoning pulses with energy. Its people are open, quick-witted, and proud — equally at home in laughter as in responsibility. They move with the confidence of those who have weathered both winter storms and economic tides.

Inner Mongolia — Open Sky
Beneath the endless grasslands, the people of Inner Mongolia stand tall in both stature and spirit. Their hospitality is boundless, their sincerity immediate. In their songs — deep, unhurried, and resonant — lies the unbroken line from Genghis Khan to today.

Ningxia — Quiet Brilliance
Small in size yet rich in talent, Ningxia blends the honesty of the northwest with a quick, calculating mind. Its people work with precision, plan with foresight, and carry themselves with an understated confidence.

Qinghai — Steady Horizon
On the high plateau, life is shaped by wind and sky. Qinghai people are grounded and direct, their words as plain as the land is vast. Here, simplicity is not lacking, but clarity.

Shandong — Stalwart Honor
From Confucius’ hometown to the rugged coasts, Shandong holds fast to the value of righteousness. Straightforward, loyal, and generous, its people meet life head-on, guided by a deep cultural inheritance and an unwavering moral compass.

Shaanxi — Earthbound Grandeur
Among loess plateaus and ancient capitals, Shaanxi fosters people who carry both the weight of history and the spark of vitality. They can be rugged or refined, content or ambitious — all facets bound together in an effortless dignity.

Sichuan — Graceful Warmth
In this “Land of Abundance,” charm flows as easily as the rivers. Sichuan people are clever, kind, and often disarmingly open. Beauty here is not just in appearance but in the easy generosity of spirit.

Tibet — Devout Stillness
High on the plateau, faith shapes every step. Tibetans bow to the sacred with unshaken devotion, their lives marked by forgiveness, purity, and an unspoken strength.

Source: CGTN, People’s Daily